Expanding Coffee Cultivation beyond Traditional Boundaries: Challenges, Innovations, and Sustainability in Non-Traditional Regions: A Review

Document Type : Review Article

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Tropical Fruit Research Department-Horticulture Research Institute- Agricultural Research Center, Giza, Egypt

Abstract

Coffee production has traditionally thrived within the confines of the equatorial Coffee Belt, yet recent climatic shifts and evolving market dynamics are pushing the boundaries of where coffee can be successfully cultivated. This review synthesizes current research on the expansion of coffee cultivation into non-traditional regions, highlighting the interrelated challenges and opportunities that accompany this transition. Climate change, manifested through rising temperatures and altered precipitation patterns, has necessitated the adoption of novel agronomic practices such as precision nutrient management, optimized irrigation systems, and the selection of drought and disease resilient cultivars to maintain crop quality in emerging areas. Additionally, integrating coffee cultivation with agroforestry systems has demonstrated significant benefits, including improved soil health, enhanced biodiversity, and microclimatic moderation, which collectively mitigate environmental risks and promote sustainability. The review also examines economic and market potentials, noting that non-traditional regions can access niche specialty coffee markets and diversify income sources, despite facing challenges such as infrastructural limitations, pest and disease pressures, and socio-economic barriers. Ultimately, this article underscores the urgency for interdisciplinary research and strategic policy support to develop resilient, sustainable coffee production models that leverage technological innovations and sustainable practices. By providing a comprehensive analysis of the environmental, agronomic, economic, and technological dimensions of coffee cultivation beyond traditional zones, this review offers critical insights and future directions to guide the global coffee industry toward a more diversified and sustainable future.

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