Physiological and anatomical responses of Helianthus annuus and Amaranthus tricolor stressed by Cd under plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) system

Document Type : Original Article

Authors

1 Agricultural Botany Department, Agriculture Faculty, Al- Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt.

2 Department Agricultural Microbiological Research, Soils, Water and Environment Research Institute (SWERI), Agricultural Research Center (ARC), Giza, Egypt.

Abstract

Using Helianthus annuus and Amaranthus tricolor grown in a hydroponic culture experiment, the aim of this study was to determine the ability of Bacillus halotolerance DSM 8802 (as Cadmium (Cd)-resistant bacteria isolate) to enhance Cd phytoextraction at Cd stress concentrations (30, 40, and 50 mg/L), and the interaction between them through physiology parameters such as enzyme activities, anthocyanin and proline contents, and structural anatomy of the plants used. According to our findings, at 50 mg/L only, the maximum activities of A. tricolor's 84.45% and 250.19% catalase (CAT) and peroxidase (POX) were 614.73% and 155.44% higher in H. annuus, respectively. The inoculated A. tricolor also displayed the highest relative activity of polyphenol oxidase (PPO), at 50 mg/L. B. halotoleranc inoculum increases the tolerance index (TI) for anthocyanin concentration by 200.00 at 50 mg/L in H. annuus. After B. halotolerance inoculum, H. annuus's proline TI was 106.03%, greater than A. tricolor's 73.89% at 40 mg/L. This study showed that B. halotolerance DSM 8802 enhanced against Cd toxicity and succeeded in boosting the phytoremediation combination with plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPB) system. H. annuus and A. tricolor are effective accumulator models in phytoremediation. Applying the bacterial strain improved certain stem features, particularly in H. annuus from A. tricolor, when compared to Cd concentration in the absence of bacterial inoculum.

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